{"id":8645,"date":"2016-03-05T15:22:18","date_gmt":"2016-03-05T12:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/Nv\/?p=8645"},"modified":"2016-03-05T15:22:18","modified_gmt":"2016-03-05T12:22:18","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b7%d9%87-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/?p=8645","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1935- 2016)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u060c 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\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 . \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0647 .<\/p>\n<p> <b><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.studies.ma\/\" target=\"_blank\">:<\/a>\u00a0\u0623. \u062f. \u0637\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>Cordoba<\/b><b>University<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>45150 Russell Branch Parkway, Suite 303<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00a0Ashburn, VA 20147-2902-USA<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>Phone: 571-203-9800<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>Fax: 571-203-9803<\/b><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><b><u>Email:<\/u>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/alwani.net\/%22%22%22%22%22mailto:taha_alalawani@yahoo.com%22%22%22%22%22\">taha.alwani@gmail.com<\/a><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/u>:<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 1354\u0647\u0640\/ 1935\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c 1973\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 &#8220;\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c 1968\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c 1959\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1953\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 1952\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 1948-1949\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 &#8211; \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645)<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645)<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631)<\/b><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1996\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 2006.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1997\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 2008.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b G.S.I.S.S \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0630 2002\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0646- \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1996\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 1984\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 2007\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1975\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 1984\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u00a01977\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1983\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1975\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 1976\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f 1963\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1979\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1953\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1969\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064a.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 (\u0643\u064a\u0631-CAIR) \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a).<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>*\u00a0\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646).<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>* \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 1988 \u062d\u062a\u0649 2005\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 1976\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648\u060c 1976\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 1976\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645: 11\u060c 1977\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u060c 1977\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c 1978\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1980\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a1981\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0634\u060c 1981\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0641\u0633\u0648) \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c 1981\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c 1981\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. \u00a0<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645: 16\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629: (\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629) \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c 1984\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 1986\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627)\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645: 17\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 (\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629) 1988\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 19-23 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1989\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c 1988\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 &#8220;\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1988\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 24-27 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1990\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c 21-23 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 21 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631- 30 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648- \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 11- 13 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c\u00a0\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2007\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b><u>Conferences Attended:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cAmerican Muslims and Politics\u2014Where Are We?\u201d Presentation at 24<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Annual\u00a0<i>Shura<\/i>\u00a0Conference, Leesburg, Virginia (May 28-30, 2002).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Panelist \u201cMuslim Perspective on Political Participation,\u201d AMC Imam Conference 2002, Alexandria, Virginia, April 26-29, 2002.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Panelist \u201cMuslim Perspective on Political Participation,\u201d at National Leadership Conference for Imams, Arlington, Virginia (September 29-October 1, 2000).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cQuran,\u00a0<i>Sunnah\u00a0<\/i>and Military Regulations: GSISS Mission Analysis,\u201d presentation at First Annual Muslim American Military Chaplains Conference: Faith in Action: Serving God, Country and the Muslim Community,\u201d Leesburg, Virginia (August 28-30, 2000).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Chairperson for panel on \u201c<i>Shariah<\/i>\u00a0Foundations for Islamic Banking and Finance II: Injunction\u201d during Islamic Banking and Finance America 2000 Islamic Society of North America Conference, Long Beach, California (July 14-16, 2000).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Speaker at\u00a0<i>Fiqh\u00a0<\/i>Conference in Trinidad, West Indies (May 25-31, 2000)<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201c<i>Ikhtilaf<\/i>: the Ethics of Disagreement,\u201d address at the 22<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0Annual Institutional\u00a0<i>Dawah<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0<i>Surrah<\/i>\u00a0Conference, Leesburg, Virginia (may 31-June 2, 2000).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Gave Welcoming Address at 28<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists, Leesburg, Virginia (October 29-31, 1999).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Participant,\u00a0<i>Halaqa<\/i>\u00a0Conference, London, England (March 11-13, 1999).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Participant in Symposium on\u00a0<i>Fiqh\u00a0<\/i>Issues, Organization of the Islamic Conference, Islamic\u00a0<i>Fiqh<\/i>\u00a0Academy, Bahrain (November 14-19, 1998).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201c<i>Ijtihad<\/i>, Islamic Capital\u00a0Markets, and Economic Development,\u201d presentation at Second Annual Harvard Forum on Islamic Finance, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (October 9-10, 1998).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Participant in panel on \u201cCauses of Clash of Civilizations,\u201d Clash of Civilizations Conference, Diyarbakir, Turkey (September 19-20, 1998).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Participant at Second International Islamic Unity Conference, Washington, D.C. (August 7-9, 1998).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Presented a paper during the Zaghwan Conference: \u201cThe Islamic Thought During theOttoman Empire<i>,<\/i>\u201dsponsored by the Center of Ottoman Studies and Documentation, Tunisia (1988).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u201cAl-Fiqh wa al-Hadharah\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(Jurisprudence and Civilization).\u00a0Conference: Conference of the Islamic Civilization, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (May 1984).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Speaker at the Conference of Islamization and Knowledge<i>,\u00a0<\/i>jointly sponsored by the International Institute of Islamic Thought and The Islamic University in Islamabad, Pakistan (1982).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Camp of Muslim Youth of Africa, Bamako, Mali (1982).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Speaker at the Conference of The Islamic Union of Student Organizations<i>,\u00a0<\/i>Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1981).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647<\/i>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 14\u060c 15\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1978\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/i>\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 1979\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/i>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 8\u060c 1979\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/i>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c 1980\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647<\/i>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0639\u062f\u062f 13\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u00a0<\/i><i>r<\/i><i>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/i><i>\u00a0\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/i>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/i>\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 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1982\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/i>\u060c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 1983\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/i>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 35\u060c 1984\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/i>\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c 1984\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/i><i>\u060c<\/i>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 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\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/i><i>\u060c\u00a0<\/i>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u063943\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i>\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628<\/i>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063935\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0645\u062f<\/i><i>\u060c\u00a0<\/i>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063937\u060c 38\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c<\/i>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063939\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/i>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063942\u060c 43\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b><u>P<\/u><\/b><b><u>ublished Papers:\u00a0<\/u><\/b><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u201cFatwa<\/i>\u00a0Concerning the United States Supreme Courtroom Frieze.\u201d\u00a0<i>The Journal of Law and Religion<\/i>, Vol. XV, Nos. 1 &amp; 2, (2000-2001).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Role of Islamic\u00a0<i>Ijtihad<\/i>\u00a0in the Regulation and Correction of Capital Markets.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>, vol. 14, no. 3 (Fall 1997).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cAuthority: Divine or Qur\u2019anic.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>, vol. 13, no. 4 (Winter 1996).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8220;The Testimony of Women in Islamic Law.&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 13, no. 2 (Summer 1996).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cSome Remarks on the Islamic and Secular Paradigms of Knowledge.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>, vol. 12, no. 4 (Winter 1995).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cNaturalization and the Rights of Citizens.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>, vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1994).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Rights of the Accused in Islam.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>,Vol. 11, no. 2 (Fall 1994) and vol. 11, no. 4 (Winter 1994).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Problem of Bias:\u00a0An Epistemological Approachand Call for Ijtihad.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 9, no. 4 (Spring 1993).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Crisis of Thought and\u00a0<i>Ijtihad<\/i>.\u201d<i>\u00a0The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>,vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1993).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8220;The Islamic Lunar Calendar as a Civilizational Imperative.&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 9, no. 4 (Winter 1992).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8220;<i>Taqlid<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0<i>Ijtihad<\/i>: The Lexical and Technical Meanings of\u00a0<i>Taqlid<\/i>.&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 9, no. 2 (Summer 1992).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Scope of\u00a0<i>Taqlid<\/i>.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>,vol. 9, no. 3 (Fall 1992).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201c<i>Taqlid<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0<i>Ijtihad<\/i>:\u00a0The Polemics of\u00a0<i>Ijtihad<\/i>.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>,vol. 8, no. 1 (March 1991).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Crisis in\u00a0<i>Fiqh<\/i>\u00a0and the Methodology of\u00a0<i>Ijtihad<\/i>.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>,vol. 8, no. 2 (Sept. 1991).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201c<i>Taqlid<\/i>\u00a0and the Stagnation of the Muslim Mind<i>.<\/i>\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 8, no. 3 (Dec. 1991).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>&#8220;Taqlid<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0<i>Ijtihad<\/i>: The Polemics of\u00a0<i>Ijtihad.<\/i>&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 8, no. 1 (March 1991).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Reconstruction of the Muslim Mind:\u00a0The Islamization of Knowledge.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences<\/i>,vol. 7, no. 3 (Dec. 1990).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cIslamic Perspectives on the Question of History.\u201d\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 7, no. 2 (Sept. 1990).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8220;Political Science in the Legacy of Classical Islamic Science.&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 7, no. 1, (March 1990).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8220;Islamization of Methodology of Behavior Sciences.&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 6, no. 2 (Dec. 1989).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8220;Toward an Islamic Alternative in Thought and Knowledge.&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences,\u00a0<\/i>vol. 6, no. 1 (Sept. 1989).<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><b><u>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (<i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647<\/i>)\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a 1980. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1992.\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/i><i>\u060c\u00a0<\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c 1980\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c 1983\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/i>\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 1988\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/i>\u060c \u06371\u060c 1985\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 :9. \u06372\u060c\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627: 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/i>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/i>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641<\/i>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/i>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/i>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/i>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628<\/i>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/b><\/div>\n<div><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<i>\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/i>. \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645.\u00a0<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b><u>Books:<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Source Methodology in Islamic Jurisprudence. London: Washington, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1990.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Quran and the Sunnah: The Time-Space Factor<i>.<\/i>Herndon, Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Occasional Paper Series, No. 3, 1991\u00a0<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Outlines of a Cultural Strategy.Herndon, Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Occasional Paper Series, No. 1, 1991.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam, London, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1993.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Islamizatin of Knowledge: Yesterday and Today, London, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1995.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Missing Dimensions in Contemporary Islamic Movements<i>.<\/i>Herndon, Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Occasional Paper Series, No. 9, 1996<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Linking Ethics and Economics: the Role of Ijtihad in the Regulation and Correction of Capital Markets<i>.<\/i>\u00a0co-authored with Waleed El-Ansary, Washington, District of Columbia: Center for Muslim Christian Understanding, 1999.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Towards a Fiqh for Minorities: Some Basic Reflections, London, Washington: International, Institute of Islamic thought, 2004.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fondements du Droit Musulman (Usul al-Fiqh al-Islami). Paris: Institut International de la Pensee Islamique, 2005.<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Shaykh Taha Al-Alwani: Issues in Contemporary Islamic Thought. London, Washington, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2005.\u00a0<\/b><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/b><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u062f\u064b\u0627 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8646,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c117-2015-01-12-14-36-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8645"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8647,"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645\/revisions\/8647"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ampei.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}